What is the cause of the damaged bucket teeth of the excavator?

There are currently tens of thousands of excavators in service in China. Since the bucket teeth are operated on ore, rock or soil, the working conditions are very harsh. During the excavation operation, the bucket teeth must not only be subject to sliding wear but also bear a certain impact load. In this way, the life of the bucket teeth is greatly shortened, and it becomes the most consumable wearing part. Due to the low hardness of the bucket tooth surface, its wear resistance is poor and wear, part of which is due to insufficient toughness and brittle fracture under a certain impact, which not only causes material waste and economic loss but also directly affects production progress. Therefore, ideally the surface material of the bucket teeth of the excavator should have high hardness and wear resistance, and the base material should have the characteristics of high strength and toughness, but this is difficult to achieve by a single material at the same time.

So far China Loader Bucket Teeth is mainly made of high manganese steel, and some are made of alloy steel. However, it is generally believed that the austenite structure of the high-manganese steel transformed into the austenitic structure after the solution treatment undergoes a strong impact load, the metal surface undergoes plastic deformation, and there is a significant work hardening phenomenon in the deformed layer. The hardness is also greatly improved. This article introduces the application of wear-resistant surfacing in improving the life of bucket teeth according to the actual application on-site.

Hitachi Bucket Teeth

I. Analysis of Damage Causes of Hitachi Bucket Teeth

During the excavation operation, the various working surfaces of the bucket teeth are in contact with the object being excavated, and the force is different at different working stages in the excavation process. When the bucket tooth tip first contacts the surface of the material, the bucket tooth tip will receive a stronger impact load due to the faster speed. If the yield strength of the bucket tooth material is low, plastic deformation occurs at the tip. As the digging depth increases, the force on the bucket teeth will change. When the bucket tooth cuts the material, relative movement occurs between the bucket tooth and the material, which causes a large squeeze on the surface, thereby generating large friction between the bucket tooth working surface and the material. If the material is hard rock, concrete, etc., the friction will be great. The result of repeated acts of this process is that different degrees of surface wear occur on the working surface of the bucket teeth, and then a deeper furrow is generated, which causes the bucket teeth to be scrapped. Therefore, the quality of the wear layer on the surface of the bucket teeth directly affects the life of the bucket teeth.

Under normal circumstances, bucket tooth manufacturing materials and ore will interact with each other, so during the excavation process, the edges and corners of the ore will necessarily rub against each other at the tip of the bucket tooth, thereby forming an impact pit. In the long run, a deformed layer will form on the surface of the bucket tooth. Among them, the metal-folded abrasion and a deformed layer is a relatively serious type of wear. It can be seen from the analysis of the subsurface layer of abrasion that the phenomenon of abrasion usually appears in the deeper surface of the grinding groove, showing a bright white structure. The bright white layer has a large destructive effect on the bucket teeth, making the adiabatic shear layer prone to plastic instability and other phenomena, which causes the temperature of the metal surface layer to continue to rise, making the steel material gradually soften and accelerate the bucket Deformation of teeth.

So how to choose the right excavator teeth is more important for us.

Both the design and fitment of the bucket teeth is very important to their lifespan, performance and application.

1. Manufacture

The construction and material of the excavator teeth and adaptor is a major criteria, as this will directly determine its wear life and strength, but so is the shape and design.

Teeth are cast in foundries, mostly in third world countries these days, for both cost and pollution reasons. The materials used in the casting process and the types of moulds used, will determine the time the teeth will last, breakage and fitment. Also, the heat treatment process will effect the hardness which in turn affects wear life.

2. Wear life

Wear life of excavator teeth are impacted differently by various materials. Sand is extremely abrasive, rock, dirt and other materials being excavated or loaded will impact on its wear life depending on their quartz content. The greater the wear surface, the longer the teeth will last before replacement.

These excavator teeth are most suited to loading and material handling applications and not for excavating or trenching as this requires high penetration and impact. Large wear surface areas tend to be less efficient when penetrating hard compacted ground.

3. Penetration

The amount of surface area that comes into contact with the ground during penetration, determines the efficiency of the tooth. If the tooth has a large width, blunt or “balled” surface area, extra power from the excavator is needed to penetrate the material, so more fuel is used and more stress is created on all parts of the machine.

An ideal design is for the tooth to be self-sharpening, that is designed to continue to sharpen itself as it wears.

To penetrate tight compacted, rocky or frozen ground, you may need sharp, pointed “V” teeth called ‘Twin Tiger Teeth’. These are ideal for digging and trenching, as they enable the bucket to power through the material easily, however because they have less material in them, their service life is short and they cannot deliver a smooth bottom to the hole or trench.

4. Impact

Bucket teeth with high impact resistance will withstand penetrating shocks and high breakout forces. These are best suited for digging and trenching applications when using an excavator, backhoe or other machine with high breakout force particularly in a rocky environment or rock quarry.

The fitment of the teeth to the adapter is very important as improper fitment puts the pressure back onto the pin which can create a weak point or the pin may even just drop out under pressure.

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